Global hake production and trade: Insights for food security and supply chain resilience

Hake, a key species in global seafood trade, substantially influences market dynamics and consumption patterns. This study delves into the global hake trade network (HGTN), spotlighting the roles and connections of key countries such as Spain, Namibia, Argentina, South Africa, the USA, and Italy, with Spain being the primary importer and countries like Namibia and South Africa notable exporters. Our findings unveil a multifaceted trade network, with Spain and Namibia as central nodes, and reveal growth in trade volume and value, signifying an evolving marketplace. The network's susceptibility to economic, political, and ecological shifts underscores the necessity for resilient, adaptable trading practices to sustainably manage hake trade. Our findings emphasise the importance of managing resources and maintaining market balance to support global food security and reflect the dynamic seafood industry.