Experimental test of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type paradoxes in and beyond graph states

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox is an exquisite no-go theorem that shows the sharp contradiction between classical theory and quantum mechanics by ruling out any local realistic description of quantum theory. The investigation of GHZ-type paradoxes has been carried out in a variety of systems and led to fruitful discoveries. However, its range of applicability still remains unknown and a unified construction is yet to be discovered. In this work, we present a unified construction of GHZ-type paradoxes for graph states, and show that the existence of GHZ-type paradox is not limited to graph states. The results have important applications in quantum state verification for graph states, entanglement detection, and construction of GHZ-type steering paradox for mixed states. We perform a photonic experiment to test the GHZ-type paradoxes via measuring the success probability of their corresponding perfect Hardy-type paradoxes, and demonstrate the proposed applications. Our work deepens the comprehension of quantum paradoxes in quantum foundations, and may have applications in a broad spectrum of quantum information tasks.

Zheng-Hao Liu, Jie Zhou, Hui-Xian Meng, Mu Yang, Qiang Li, Yu Meng, Hong-Yi Su, Jing-Ling Chen, Kai Sun, Jin-Shi Xu, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo