This paper assesses the combined impact of climate change and dietary shifts on global food security. From 1990-2018, climate change negatively affected food production in 92% of nations, but decreased food demand outweighed supply reduction in 28%, leaving 35% of the global population unaffected. The study integrates climate change impacts on food supply with dietary changes on demand, revealing that food security was negatively impacted in 70% of countries, affecting 1.6 billion people. Future projections under various dietary scenarios and climate change pathways show that sustainable diets can significantly mitigate food security threats.

Jin Zhao, Zhentao Zhang, Chuang Zhao, Zhijuan Liu, Erjing Guo, Tianyi Zhang, Ji Chen, Jorgen Eivind Olesen, Ke Liu, Matthew Tom Harrison, Yumei Zhang, Xiaolong Feng, Ting Meng, Qing Ye, Shenggen Fan, Xiaoguang Yang