Environmental Studies and Forestry

Colonial policy, ecological transformations, and agricultural “improvement”: comparing agricultural yields and expansion in the Spanish and U.S. Philippines, 1870–1925 CE

D. M. Findley, N. Amano, et al.

This research, conducted by David Max Findley, Noel Amano, Ivana Biong, Greg Bankoff, Patricia Irene Dacudao, Francis Gealogo, Rebecca Hamilton, Ruel Pagunsan, and Patrick Roberts, delves into the ecological impacts of agricultural changes in the Philippines during colonial times. It reveals how land use expanded and production increased, yet yields remained stagnant, highlighting the inefficacy of colonial agricultural improvements.