This phase 3 PARADIGM trial (n=733) investigated the association between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) gene alterations and efficacy outcomes in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with first-line panitumumab plus modified FOLFOX6 or bevacizumab plus modified FOLFOX6. Overall survival was longer with panitumumab in patients with ctDNA lacking gene alterations (negative hyperselected), but similar or inferior in those with any ctDNA alteration, regardless of tumor sidedness. Negative hyperselection using ctDNA may guide optimal treatment selection.