This study investigates the impact of government-provided vocational skills training (GPVST) on migrant workers' income levels (IL) and income satisfaction (IS) in China. Using propensity score matching with difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) and data from the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) in 2016 and 2018, the study finds that GPVST positively affects both IL and IS. The effect is stronger for foreign migrant workers and older/local migrant workers' IS. Mechanism analysis, based on livelihood capital theory, reveals that GPVST indirectly enhances IL and IS by increasing human, social, and financial capital; however, the indirect effect on IL is stronger than the direct effect on IS.