3D high-density microelectrode array with optical stimulation and drug delivery for investigating neural circuit dynamics

Investigation of neural circuit dynamics is crucial for deciphering functional connections among brain regions and understanding mechanisms of dysfunction. Despite advances in in vitro 3D neural circuit models, technologies enabling precise monitoring and modulation of neural activity in three dimensions have been lacking. No existing 3D MEA has integrated capabilities to stimulate surrounding neurons and monitor real-time network formation. Here, we present a 3D high-density multifunctional microelectrode array (MEA) integrating optical stimulation and drug delivery for engineered 3D neural tissues. We demonstrate precise measurements of synaptic latencies in 3D networks. This platform opens opportunities for in vitro studies of neural circuits through precise, real-time investigations with 3D brain models.