This study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of hemp seeds fermented with *Lactiplantibacillus plantarum*. Fermented hemp seeds (FHS) showed significant anti-inflammatory ability, reducing inflammatory markers like TLR4, NF-κBp65, and iNOS, and inhibiting cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NO. Metabolomics analysis identified indolelactic acid (IA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) as key anti-inflammatory metabolites. In vitro digestion confirmed the uptake and bioaccessibility of FHS, supporting IA and HVA as major bioactive compounds. The research suggests potential for novel hemp seed-based anti-inflammatory products.

LingYue Shan, Akanksha Tyagi, Hun-Ju Ham, Deog Hwan Oh