Medicine and Health

Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the 'Bystander' Activation of Memory CD8 + T Cells

S. Santillo, Damiano, et al.

Explore the intricate relationship between mitochondrial melatonin pathways, gut microbiome interactions, and immune responses in Type 1 diabetes mellitus as reviewed by Simona Santillo, Damiano, and George Anderson. Discover how these factors interplay, leading to β-cell apoptosis and autoimmune effects.

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Playback language: English

Index

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from pancreatic β-cell failure to produce sufficient insulin, often due to β-cell destruction. This review examines T1DM pathophysiology, emphasizing the role of mitochondrial melatonin pathways in pancreatic β-cells, gut microbiome interactions, and bystander activation of memory CD8+ T cells. Mitochondrial melatonin suppression renders β-cells vulnerable to oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitophagy. Gut dysbiosis and permeability affect immune responses and mitochondrial function. The interplay between these factors contributes to β-cell apoptosis and autoimmune effects.

Publisher

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Published On

Feb 07, 2023

Authors

Simona Santillo, Damiano, George Anderson

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