Revisiting the 'flexibility paradox': degree of work schedule flexibility and time use patterns across gender and occupational groups

This study investigates the impact of flexible work schedules on employees' time use, considering the degree of flexibility, gender, and occupational group. Using UK time-use data (2014-2015), the research finds that limited flexible schedules (with core hours) are associated with shorter paid work hours and more free time, primarily benefiting men in higher occupations. Conversely, men in lower occupations may experience exploitation, working longer hours with less free time under such arrangements. Unlimited flexible schedules show less consistent effects. The study contributes to the 'flexibility paradox' debate by highlighting the nuanced impacts of different flexibility types across socio-demographic groups.

Zhuofei Lu, Senhu Wang, Wendy Olsen