Medicine and Health

Rapid expansion of Treg cells protects from collateral colitis following a viral trigger

M. Schorer, K. Lambert, et al.

This groundbreaking study reveals that viral infections like LCMV trigger a loss of Treg cells, leading to a fascinating compensatory response where conventional T cells transform into iTreg cells. Conducted by a talented team of researchers, this work sheds light on the interplay between viral triggers and immune responses, particularly in the context of colitis in IBD patients.

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Abstract

This study demonstrates that viral infection, specifically with LCMV, leads to a type I IFN-dependent loss of Treg cells. This loss is rapidly compensated by the conversion and expansion of Vβ5⁺ conventional T cells into iTreg cells. Using Vβ5-deficient mice, researchers showed that these Vβ5⁺ iTreg cells are crucial for preventing colitis by suppressing microbiota-dependent activation of CD8⁺ T cells. The recovery from colitis in IBD patients is linked to the expansion of the corresponding VP2⁺ Treg population in humans, highlighting a connection between viral triggers, impaired Treg compartments, and the initiation of immune pathology.

Publisher

Nature Communications

Published On

Oct 26, 2020

Authors

Michelle Schorer, Katharina Lambert, Nikolas Rakebrandt, Felix Rost, Kung-Chi Kao, Alexander Yermanos, Roman Spörri, Josua Oderbolz, Miro E. Raeber, Christian W. Keller, Jan D. Lünenborg, Gerhard Rogler, Onur Boyman, Annette Oxenius, Nicole Joller

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