Practice and proficiency of Isha Yoga for better mental health outcomes: insights from a COVID-19 survey

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unparalleled global suffering affecting physical and mental well-being. Identifying interventions that reduce negative outcomes (e.g., stress) and enhance positive outcomes (e.g., well-being) is crucial. We report on the effectiveness of the mind-body practice, Isha Yoga, in promoting well-being. Methods: An online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic included Isha Yoga practitioners (n=1,352) in Karnataka, India. Stress and well-being were assessed using validated psychometric questionnaires. Practitioners also shared a similar survey with friends/family; from these respondents (n=221), individuals not engaging in any Yoga/meditation formed the non-Yoga control group (n=110). The study adhered to CHERRIES guidelines. Results: Isha Yoga practitioners had significantly lower stress (p<0.001, Hedges g=0.94) and mental distress (p<0.001, Hedges g=0.75), and higher well-being (p<0.001, Hedges g=0.78) and affective balance (p<0.001, Hedges g=0.80) versus controls. Expertise-related improvements were observed, and a dose-response relationship was found with practice regularity; at least 3–4 days/week showed significant differences versus controls. Among healthcare workers in the sample, Yoga practice was associated with better mental health outcomes. Discussion: Findings underscore benefits of mind-body practices like Isha Yoga on multiple mental health dimensions, suggesting potential as an effective, holistic approach for diverse populations, including healthcare workers, even during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.