Organ-specific, multimodal, wireless optoelectronics for high-throughput phenotyping of peripheral neural pathways

The vagus nerve supports diverse autonomic functions and behaviors. To dissect how specific vagal components contribute to behavior and long-term physiology, it is necessary to modulate their activity with organ-level anatomical specificity in awake, freely behaving animals. Here we introduce an organ-specific, scalable, multimodal, wireless optoelectronic device that enables precise and chronic optogenetic manipulation in vivo. Coupled with an advanced coil-antenna system and a multiplexing strategy that powers eight cages from a single RF transmitter, the telemetry platform enables low-cost, high-throughput, and precise functional mapping of peripheral neural circuits with long-term behavioral and physiological readouts. Using this technology, we reveal an unexpected role for stomach, non-stretch vagal sensory fibers in suppressing appetite and demonstrate the durability of the miniature wireless device in harsh gastric conditions.