This research addresses the challenge of balancing rapid degradation and toxicity in biodegradable Zn-based porous scaffolds for bone regeneration. A multiscale approach was employed: microscale alloying with 0.8 wt% Li created a eutectoid lamellar structure optimizing strength and immunomodulation; mesoscale surface patterning with nanoscale roughness enhanced cell adhesion; and macroscale isotropic minimal surface geometry (G unit) ensured a proper degradation rate. In vivo studies showed the G scaffold promoted anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, increased osteogenic markers, collagen deposition, and bone formation. In vitro transcriptomic analysis revealed JAK/STAT pathway activation in macrophages, promoting osteogenesis.
