Multiscale architecture design of 3D printed biodegradable Zn-based porous scaffolds for immunomodulatory osteogenesis

This research addresses the challenge of balancing rapid degradation and toxicity in biodegradable Zn-based porous scaffolds for bone regeneration. A multiscale approach was employed: microscale alloying with 0.8 wt% Li created a eutectoid lamellar structure optimizing strength and immunomodulation; mesoscale surface patterning with nanoscale roughness enhanced cell adhesion; and macroscale isotropic minimal surface geometry (G unit) ensured a proper degradation rate. In vivo studies showed the G scaffold promoted anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, increased osteogenic markers, collagen deposition, and bone formation. In vitro transcriptomic analysis revealed JAK/STAT pathway activation in macrophages, promoting osteogenesis.

Shuang Li, Hongtao Yang, Xinhua Qu, Yu Qin, Aobo Liu, Guo Bao, He Huang, Chaoyang Sun, Jiabao Dai, Junlong Tan, Jiahui Shi, Yan Guan, Wei Pan, Xuenan Gu, Bo Jia, Peng Wen, Xiaogang Wang, Yufeng Zheng