Evaluating the effectiveness of training of managerial and non-managerial bank employees using Kirkpatrick's model for evaluation of training

This research employs Kirkpatrick's four-level model (Reaction, Learning, Behavior, Results) to assess the effectiveness of training programmes for managerial and non-managerial employees in the Indian banking sector. Data were collected from 402 respondents across public, private and foreign banks, and relationships among the four levels were tested using PLS-SEM. Results indicate that the levels are interlinked and the model is effective for evaluating the impact of training on employee motivation and bank performance. Employee reactions (Level 1) positively and significantly influence learning (Level 2), and behavioral change through job performance (Level 3) positively affects results (Level 4). The adjusted R² for the managerial model (0.732) exceeds that of the non-managerial model (0.571), indicating greater training effectiveness among managerial employees. The study is among the first to apply Kirkpatrick’s model to the Indian banking sector.