This study investigates whether transgender and gender-diverse individuals have elevated rates of autism diagnosis or autistic traits compared to cisgender individuals. Using five independent datasets (total N=641,860), the study found that transgender and gender-diverse individuals have significantly higher rates of autism diagnosis and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses. They also scored higher on self-report measures of autistic traits, systemizing, and sensory sensitivity, and lower on empathy measures. These findings highlight the need for improved mental health care access and tailored support for this population.

Varun Warrier, David M. Greenberg, Elizabeth Weir, Clara Buckingham, Paula Smith, Meng-Chuan Lai, Carrie Allison, Simon Baron-Cohen