Detailed study of a rare hyperluminous rotating disk in an Einstein ring 10 billion years ago

Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs) are rare, extreme starbursts found in the distant Universe. This paper details a study of PJ0116-24, the brightest lensed HyLIRG Einstein ring in the southern sky, using VLT/ERIS and ALMA. The galaxy exhibits regular rotation and is highly rotationally supported, indicating a massive starbursty disk undergoing secular evolution. This suggests maximal star formation rates can occur during a galaxy's secular evolution, independent of major mergers.

Daizhong Liu, Natascha M. Förster Schreiber, Kevin C. Harrington, Lilian L. Lee, Patrick S. Kamieneski, Richard I. Davies, Dieter Lutz, Alvio Renzini, Stijn Wuyts, Linda J. Tacconi, Reinhard Genzel, Andreas Burkert, Rodrigo Herrera-Camus, Belén Alcalde Pampliega, Amit Vishwas, Melanie Kaasinen, Q. Daniel Wang, Eric F. Jiménez-Andrade, James Lowenthal, Nicholas Foo, Brenda L. Frye, Jinyi Shangguan, Yixian Cao, Guido Agapito, Alex Agudo Berbel, Capucine Barfety, Andrea Baruffolo, Derek Berman, Martin Black, Marco Bonaglia, Runa Briguglio, Luca Carbonaro, Lee Chapman, Jianhang Chen, Aleksandar Cikota, Alice Concas, Olivia Cooper, Giovanni Cresci, Yigit Dallilar, Matthias Deysenroth, Ivan Di Antonio, Amico Di Cianno, Gianluca Di Rico, David Doelman, Mauro Dolci, Frank Eisenhauer, Carlos Garcia Diaz, Simone Esposito, Daniela Fantinel, Debora Ferruzzi, Helmut Feuchtgruber, Xiaofeng Gao, Juan Espejo, Stefan Gillessen, Paolo Grani, Michael Hartl, David Henry, Heinrich Huber, Jean-Baptiste Jolly, Christoph U. Keller, Matthew Kenworthy, Kateryna Kravchenko, Minju M. Lee, John Lightfoot, David Lunney, Mike Macintosh, Filippo Mannucci, Thomas Ott, Massimo Pascale, Stavros Pastras, David Pearson, Alfio Puglisi, Claudia Pulsoni, Sebastian Rabien, Christian Rau, Armando Riccardi, Bernardo Salasnich, Taro Shimizu, Frans Snik, Eckhard Sturm, William Taylor, Angelo Valentini, Christopher Waring, Erich Wiezorrek, Marco Xompero, Min S. Yun