This study uses a global dataset of 41,835 tree species (65.1% of known tree species) to assess the spatial pattern of tree species' phylogenetic endemism, its macroecological drivers, and how future pressures may affect the identified hotspots. Low-to-mid latitudes host most endemism hotspots, driven by current climate and long-term climatic stability. These hotspots are mostly outside protected areas and face high land-use change and future climate change pressure, highlighting the risk to tree diversity and the need for stronger conservation and restoration actions.

Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Matthew J. Pound, Miao Sun, Ferry Slik, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-Christian Svenning