Health and Fitness

Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in breast milk by neutrosophic method in the locate of Lahore, Pakistan

A. Fatima, U. Afzal, et al.

This groundbreaking study explores heavy metal concentrations in breast milk from lactating mothers in Lahore, Pakistan, utilizing a neutrosophic statistical approach. The research reveals concerning levels of lead and mercury, especially in mothers from industrial areas, showcasing the importance of addressing environmental health issues. This research was conducted by Adeena Fatima, Usama Afzal, Muhammad Aslam, Zainab Rafi, Naveed Ahmad, and Mirza Albash Baig.

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Abstract

This study investigates heavy metal concentrations in breast milk from lactating mothers in Lahore, Pakistan, using a neutrosophic statistical approach to analyze imprecise data. 70 breast milk samples were collected and analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The neutrosophic method was compared to classical statistical analysis, revealing its superior adaptability for handling interval data and providing a more comprehensive understanding of heavy metal variations, particularly for lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). Elevated levels of Pb and Hg were observed, especially among mothers residing in industrial zones.

Publisher

npj Women’s Health

Published On

Jun 10, 2024

Authors

Adeena Fatima, Usama Afzal, Muhammad Aslam, Zainab Rafi, Naveed Ahmad, Mirza Albash Baig

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