This article investigates the reasons behind lower COVID-19 vaccination intentions among Polish Catholics compared to atheists. Three studies (total n > 1900) reveal that lower belief in science mediates the relationship between Catholic affiliation and lower vaccination intention. Increased identification with a denominational group intensifies this negative correlation. Intrinsic religious orientation negatively correlates with vaccination intention, fully mediated by belief in science, while extrinsic religious orientation shows a positive correlation. Higher levels of purity and loyalty moral foundations among Catholics also contribute to lower vaccination intention. The findings highlight the complex interplay of belief in science, religious orientation, moral foundations, and denominational group identification in shaping vaccination behavior.

Dariusz Drążkowski