To elucidate the impact of rare variants in regulatory elements on height, we performed a whole-genome sequencing association analysis using 333,100 individuals. We identified 29 independent variants associated with height, with effect sizes ranging from -7cm to +4.7 cm. We also identified and replicated non-coding aggregate-based associations proximal to *HMGA1* and *MIR497HG*. This approach can identify non-coding rare variants with large effects associated with complex traits.

Gareth Hawkes, Robin N. Beaumont, Zilin Li, Ravi Mandla, Xihao Li, Christine M. Albert, Donna K. Arnett, Allison E. Ashley-Koch, Aneel A. Ashrani, Kathleen C. Barnes, Eric Boerwinkle, Jennifer A. Brody, April P. Carson, Nathalie Chami, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Mina K. Chung, Joanne E. Curran, Dawood Darbar, Patrick T. Ellinor, Myrian Fornage, Victor R. Gordeuk, Xiuqing Guo, Jiang He, Chii-Min Hwu, Rita R. Kalyan, Robert Kaplan, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Charles Kooperberg, Ruth J. F. Loos, Steven A. Lubitz, Ryan L. Minster, Take Naseri, Satupa'itea Viali, Braxton D. Mitchell, Joanne M. Murabito, Nicholette D. Palmer, Bruce M. Psaty, Susan Redline, M. Benjamin Shoemaker, Edwin K. Silverman, Marilyn J. Telen, Scott T. Weiss, Lisa R. Yanek, Hufeng Zhou, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Ching-Ti Liu, Kari E. North, Anne E. Justice, Jonathan M. Locke, Nick Owens, Anna Murray, Kashyap Patel, Timothy M. Frayling, Caroline F. Wright, Andrew R. Wood, Xihong Lin, Alisa Manning, Michael N. Weedon