Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are crucial for modeling kinetics-dominated plasmas in ultrarelativistic laser-solid interactions. However, subrelativistic intensities require benchmarks of modeling capabilities. This study proposes a testbed using a laser-irradiated cryogenic hydrogen-jet target. Time-resolved optical shadowgraphy, complemented by hydrodynamics and ray-tracing simulations, determines bulk-electron-temperature evolution. Isochoric heating of solid hydrogen (a<sub>0</sub> ≈ 1) showcases the testbed, revealing that the initial surface-density gradient is crucial for quantitative agreement at 1 ps post-interaction, demonstrating its suitability for benchmarking parameter scans at subrelativistic intensities.
Publisher
Communications Physics
Published On
Dec 21, 2023
Authors
Long Yang, Lingen Huang, Stefan Assenbaum, Thomas E. Cowan, Ilja Goethel, Sebastian Göde, Thomas Kluge, Martin Rehwald, Xiayun Pan, Ulrich Schramm, Jan Vorberger, Karl Zeil, Tim Ziegler, Constantin Bernert
Tags
Particle-in-cell simulations
subrelativistic intensity
plasma kinetics
laser-solid interactions
hydrogen-jet target
bulk-electron-temperature
benchmarking
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