This work presents a thread-based multiplexed sensing patch for continuous, simultaneous on-skin monitoring of sweat biomarkers (electrolytes, metabolites, and pH). Flexible threads coated with conductive inks serve as sensing electrodes, enabling real-time on-body measurements. The patch integrates with a miniaturized circuit module for wireless smartphone readout. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate its potential for real-time physiological monitoring and diagnostic applications.

Trupti Terse-Thakoor, Meera Punjiya, Zimple Matharu, Boyang Lyu, Meraj Ahmad, Grace E. Giles, Rachel Owyeung, Francesco Alaimo, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Tad T. Brunyé, Sameer Sonkusale