This study presents a wearable microneedle patch for the extraction and in vivo long-term monitoring of universal cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The patch utilizes the synergistic effect of CRISPR-activated graphene biointerfaces and reverse iontophoresis for efficient extraction and real-time monitoring. The system successfully monitored cfDNA associated with Epstein-Barr virus, sepsis, and kidney transplantation in immunodeficient mouse models, demonstrating its feasibility and practicality for long-term in vivo monitoring of cfDNA and potential use in early disease screening and prognosis.

Bin Yang, Jilie Kong, Xueen Fang