This study developed a bio-enhanced granular-activated carbon dynamic biofilm reactor (BhGAC-DBfR) for on-site graywater treatment. A saturated/unsaturated ratio of 1:1.1 achieved maximum removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen (98.3%, 99.4%, 99.8%, and 83.5%, respectively). Adsorption and biodegradation played important roles in pollutant removal. The BhGAC-DBfR offers a promising, efficient, and low-energy graywater treatment technology.
