Observation of critical phase transition in a generalized Aubry-André-Harper model with superconducting circuits

Quantum simulation enables study of many-body systems in non-equilibrium by mapping to a controllable quantum system, providing a powerful tool for computational intractable problems. Here, using a programmable quantum processor with a chain of 10 superconducting qubits interacted through tunable couplers, we simulate the one-dimensional generalized Aubry-André-Harper model for three different phases, i.e., extended, localized and critical phases. The properties of phase transitions and many-body dynamics are studied in the presence of quasi-periodic modulations for both off-diagonal hopping coefficients and on-site potentials of the model controlled respectively by adjusting strength of couplings and qubit frequencies. We observe the spin transport for initial single- and multi-excitation states in different phases, and characterize phase transitions by experimentally measuring dynamics of participation entropies. Our experimental results demonstrate that the recently developed tunable coupling architecture of superconducting processor extends greatly the simulation realms for a wide variety of Hamiltonians, and can be used to study various quantum and topological phenomena.

Hao Li, Yong-Yi Wang, Yun-Hao Shi, Kaixuan Huang, Xiaohui Song, Gui-Han Liang, Zheng-Yang Mei, Bozhen Zhou, He Zhang, Jia-Chi Zhang, Shu Chen, S. S. P. Zhao, Ye Tian, Zhan-Ying Yang, Zhongcheng Xiang, Kai Xu, Dongning Zheng, Heng Fan