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Night eating in timing, frequency, and food quality and risks of all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality: findings from national health and nutrition examination survey

Health and Fitness

Night eating in timing, frequency, and food quality and risks of all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality: findings from national health and nutrition examination survey

P. Wang, Q. Tan, et al.

This study by Peng Wang and colleagues delves into the impact of night eating patterns on mortality risks, revealing that later timing and higher frequency of night eating can significantly increase all-cause and diabetes mortality. Interestingly, consuming low-energy-density foods earlier in the evening may counteract these risks.

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~3 min • Beginner • English
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association of timing, frequency, and food quality of night eating with all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality. Methods: This study included 41,744 US adults from NHANES 2002–2018. Night eating was assessed by 24-h dietary recall; exposures were timing, frequency, and food quality (derived via latent class analysis). Outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality identified via the National Death Index and ICD-10. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox regression. Results: Over a median 8.7 years, 6066 deaths occurred (1381 cancer, 206 diabetes). Later night eating was associated with higher all-cause and diabetes mortality (each P-trend <0.05) but not cancer mortality overall; highest risks were at 00:00–1:00 for all-cause (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02–1.88) and 23:00–00:00 for diabetes (aHR 2.31, 95% CI 1.21–4.40); 22:00–23:00 showed no increased all-cause risk. Night eating once or ≥2 times was associated with higher all-cause and diabetes mortality (each P<0.05). Elevated risks were observed in the high dietary energy density night-eating group (all-cause aHR 1.21 [95% CI 1.06–1.38]; diabetes aHR 1.97 [95% CI 1.13–3.45]) but not in the low-density group. Night eating correlated positively with glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, and OGTT. Conclusions: Night eating was associated with increased all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality; reduced excess risk was observed when eating before 23:00 or consuming low–dietary-energy-density foods.
Publisher
Nutrition and Diabetes
Published On
Feb 27, 2024
Authors
Peng Wang, Qilong Tan, Yaxuan Zhao, Jingwen Zhao, Yuzhu Zhang, Dan Shi
Tags
night eating
mortality risks
diabetes
diet quality
energy density
public health
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