This paper presents a novel wearable iontophoresis-driven microneedle (MN) patch for efficient transdermal delivery of vaccine macromolecules. The patch utilizes a polyacrylamide/chitosan hydrogel with high biocompatibility, conductivity, and elasticity to store and deliver the vaccine. Microneedles puncture the stratum corneum, creating microchannels, while iontophoresis actively drives the vaccine through these channels. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this system effectively delivers ovalbumin, inducing a stronger immune response than intramuscular injection. The system is low-cost and user-friendly, promising for at-home vaccine self-administration.

Ying Zheng, Rui Ye, Xia Gong, Jingbo Yang, Bin Liu, Yunsheng Xu, Gang Nie, Xi Xie, Lelun Jiang