Climate change mitigation through negative CO2 emissions is crucial. This study uses large ensemble simulations to investigate Gross Primary Production (GPP) responses to CO2 forcings. Findings reveal a significant asymmetry in European GPP response to CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down, with rapid GPP decline during CO2 removal due to North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (SST) cooling from delayed Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) recovery. This asymmetry, consistent across multi-model simulations, highlights the implications of delayed ocean circulation recovery for accelerating terrestrial GPP reduction, crucial for policymakers in projecting agricultural activity and formulating GPP control policies.

Young-Min Yang, Jongsoo Shin, So-Won Park, Jae-Heung Park, Soon-II An, Jong-Seong Kug, Sang-Wook Yeh, June-Yi Lee, Bin Wang, Tim Li, Nari Im