Earth Sciences

Evidence for the oxidation of Earth's crust from the evolution of manganese minerals

D. R. Hummer, J. J. Golden, et al.

Discover how manganese mineral analysis reveals the oxidation of Earth's crust over the last billion years! This groundbreaking study by Daniel R. Hummer, Joshua J. Golden, Grethe Hystad, Robert T. Downs, Ahmed Eleish, Chao Liu, Jolyon Ralph, Shaunna M. Morrison, Michael B. Meyer, and Robert M. Hazen unveils critical insights into Earth's evolving redox state.

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~3 min • Beginner • English

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