This study investigates the impact of large-scale research infrastructures (LSRIs) on regional knowledge innovation (KI), using China's National Supercomputing Center (NSC) as a case study. A conceptual framework linking LSRIs' scientific effects to innovation resources is developed, proposing three mechanisms: basic effect (R&D expenditure, talent, digital infrastructure), network effect (urban innovation network centrality), and technology effect (innovation efficiency). Using panel data from 283 Chinese cities (2000-2020), a spatial difference-in-differences model reveals that NSC stimulates KI locally and in surrounding areas, primarily through increased fiscal investment, talent, digital infrastructure, and enhanced network centrality and innovation efficiency. Policy spillover occurs through geographical, cooperation, and digitization proximity. However, NSC's impact on regional innovation convergence is limited. Heterogeneity exists, with a more pronounced impact in application innovation-oriented cities like Shenzhen.

Haodong Yang, Li Liu, Gaofeng Wang