Discovering the meaning of contemporary urban squares for its users—a case study of Poznan, Poland

The study aims to identify the meanings of urban squares that operate in the minds of their users. Three research methods were used: in-depth individual interviews with ten city square users, a survey using the Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) technique, and an observational study. The qualitative material was transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software; survey results were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Findings suggest that urban squares function in two categories: administrative (official names in documents) and mental (users’ perceptions). Factors distinguishing a square within the urban structure are (1) physical characteristics, (2) location, and (3) activities possible there. The study identified 11 meanings of urban squares which can co-occur and change over time with spatial changes. For most participants, using urban squares is important or very important, but responses vary significantly by age. The youngest respondents (18–39) were most likely to state that use of such spaces is unimportant or indifferent, suggesting a potential crisis. Further research is needed and should extend to other types of urban public spaces.