This research investigates the mediating role of collective action in the relationship between rural elites and rural development in China. Using a large-scale quantitative dataset of 604 villages and qualitative data from eight villages, the study finds that collective action, particularly village collectives, significantly mediates the positive effect of governing elites on rural development. Innovative collective action designs leveraging reputation effects and reciprocity norms promote elite participation and discourage elite capture. The research also highlights the beneficial role of authority in catalyzing and sustaining collective action.
