This paper investigates the variability in global "well-to-refinery-entrance" carbon intensities of crude oil trade pathways. Using high-fidelity datasets, optimization algorithms, and bottom-up emission estimators, the study reveals significant variability (4.2–214.1 kg-CO₂-equivalent/barrel), highlighting the potential for CO₂-equivalent savings (1.5–6.1 Gigatons) by prioritizing low-carbon pathways. The research emphasizes the need for improved emissions reporting and supply chain traceability to inform effective decarbonization policies.
Publisher
Nature Communications
Published On
Sep 25, 2023
Authors
Yash Dixit, Hassan El-Houjeiri, Jean-Christophe Monfort, Liang Jing, Yiqi Zhang, James Littlefield, Wennan Long, Christoph Falter, Alhassan Badahdah, Joule Bergerson, Raymond L. Speth, Steven R. H. Barrett
Tags
carbon intensity
crude oil
CO₂ savings
emissions reporting
supply chain
decarbonization
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