This study analyzed the impact of breeding progress on pathogen resistance and yield in German winter wheat under varying nitrogen (N) and fungicide treatments. Results showed significant genotype and year effects on resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight. N fertilization increased susceptibility to pathogens. Resistance improved over time, with similar relative progress at both N levels. Grain yield significantly increased over time, especially without fungicides, particularly at high N input. Wheat breeding substantially increased grain yield alongside improved pathogen resistance, contributing to sustainable wheat production.

Holger Zetzsche, Wolfgang Friedt, Frank Ordon