Association of dietary patterns with the newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and central obesity: a community based cross-sectional study

Aim: To investigate the association of dietary patterns with the risk of insulin resistance (IR), diabetes mellitus (DM), and central obesity in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1432 participants aged 40–65 years in Hangzhou, China. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: Factor analysis identified four dietary patterns: vegetable-fruits, rice-meat, seafood-eggs, and sweet-fast. The vegetable-fruits pattern was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (p < 0.001 in both genders), while the sweet-fast pattern was positively associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.002 in males; p < 0.001 in females). The vegetable-fruits pattern was inversely correlated with visceral fat area (VFA) (p = 0.029 males; p = 0.017 females), while the sweet-fast pattern was directly associated with VFA in males (p < 0.001). No associations were observed for rice-meat or seafood-eggs with HOMA-IR or VFA. After adjustment, the highest tertile of vegetable-fruits was associated with lower DM risk (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13–0.70 males; OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.72 females) and lower central obesity risk in males (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.29–0.86). The highest tertile of sweet-fast was associated with higher DM risk (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.23–5.88) and central obesity (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.67–4.86) in males. Conclusions: A vegetable-fruits dietary pattern is associated with lower risk of IR, DM, and central obesity; a sweet-fast pattern shows the opposite associations.

Xueyao Yin, Yixin Chen, Weina Lu, Ting Jin, Lin Li