Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry: A Review of Biological and Behavioral Data Analyses

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in psychiatry, improving diagnostic precision, treatment personalization, and early intervention through advanced data analysis techniques. This review explores recent advancements in AI applications within psychiatry, focusing on EEG and ECG data analysis, speech analysis, natural language processing (NLP), blood biomarker integration, and social media data utilization. EEG-based models have significantly enhanced the detection of disorders such as depression and schizophrenia through spectral and connectivity analyses. ECG-based approaches have provided insights into emotional regulation and stress-related conditions using heart rate variability. Speech analysis frameworks, leveraging large language models (LLMs), have improved the detection of cognitive impairments and psychiatric symptoms through nuanced linguistic feature extraction. Meanwhile, blood biomarker analyses have deepened our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of mental health disorders, and social media analytics have demonstrated the potential for real-time mental health surveillance. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data heterogeneity, interpretability, and ethical considerations remain barriers to widespread clinical adoption. Future research must prioritize the development of explainable AI models, regulatory compliance, and the integration of diverse datasets to maximize the impact of AI in psychiatric care.