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Abstract
Arctic shipping has grown by 7% annually over the past decade, despite hazardous weather and sea ice. Winter sailing tripled, necessitating Polar Code refinement by integrating maritime warning systems and broader hazardous condition descriptions. Analysis of shipping activity in severe sea-spray icing and a sea-ice incident highlight the need for improvement.
Publisher
npj Ocean Sustainability
Published On
Sep 15, 2023
Authors
Malte Müller, Maaike Knol-Kauffman, Jelmer Jeuring, Cyril Palerme
Tags
Arctic shipping
maritime safety
Polar Code
sea ice
hazardous weather
shipping activity
sea-spray icing
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