Acoustic and language-specific sources for phonemic abstraction from speech

Spoken language comprehension requires abstracting linguistic information from speech, but the interaction between auditory and linguistic processing of speech remains poorly understood. This study investigates this abstraction using intracranial neural responses while participants listened to conversational English speech. Leveraging language-specific patterns where phonological and acoustic information diverge, the study demonstrates the causal efficacy of the phoneme as a unit of analysis and dissociates the unique contributions of phonemic and spectrographic information to neural responses. Quantitative higher-order response models reveal that unique contributions of phonological information are carried in the covariance structure of the stimulus-response relationship, suggesting linguistic abstraction involves integration across multiple spectro-temporal features and prior phonological information. These results link speech acoustics to phonology and morphosyntax, supporting predictions about abstractness in linguistic theory and providing evidence for the acoustic features supporting that abstraction.

Anna Mai, Stephanie Riès, Sharona Ben-Haim, Jerry J. Shih, Timothy Q. Gentner