This work details the development of a mesoporous 2D N, B, and P codoped carbon network (NBP-CNW) arranged into high-order 3D nanotube arrays (NTAs) on a flexible carbon fiber microelectrode. This structure serves as a high-performance carbon-based nanocatalyst for electrochemical biosensing. The NBP-CNW-NTAs, synthesized using a template strategy with ionic liquids, exhibit high structural stability, large surface area, abundant active sites, and effective charge transport, leading to improved electrocatalytic activity and durability in H₂O₂ redox reactions. The modified microelectrode shows excellent sensing performance toward H₂O₂, enabling real-time tracking of H₂O₂ secretion from cancer cells, aiding in cancer cell type differentiation and evaluating radiotherapy efficacy. Its integration into an implantable probe allows in situ detection in human specimens, differentiating cancer from normal tissues, thus significantly contributing to cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Yimin Sun, Xulin Dong, Hu He, Yan Zhang, Kai Chi, Yun Xu, Muhammad Asif, Xuan Yang, Wenshan He, Kin Liao, Fei Xiao