This study collated PFAS concentration data from over 45,000 surface and groundwater samples globally to assess the extent of PFAS contamination and its future environmental burden. A substantial fraction of samples exceeded PFAS drinking water guidance values, with exceedance levels varying by jurisdiction and source. Current monitoring practices likely underestimate PFAS due to the limited range of PFAS typically quantified. Improved understanding of PFAS in consumer and industrial products is needed to assess environmental burden and develop mitigation strategies. The study highlights the need for better understanding of anthropogenic chemicals' use, fate, and impacts.

Diana Ackerman Grunfeld, Daniel Gilbert, Jennifer Hou, Adele M. Jones, Matthew J. Lee, Tohren C. G. Kibbey, Denis M. O'Carroll