This research analyzes the interplay between trade liberalization, economic growth, and economic development in South Africa, focusing on pre-BRICS (1991-2010) and post-BRICS (2011-2021) periods. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) reveals a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The study finds that trade openness significantly influences GDP growth in the post-BRICS period, with a unidirectional causal relationship between liberalization and growth. A positive association between trade openness and economic development is also observed, suggesting openness fosters growth and broader development outcomes.

Micaela Naledi Monyela, Charles Shaaba Saba