This study investigates the gut microbiome's role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and how dietary polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (PUFAs) modulate this interaction. Researchers found reduced fecal microbiota alpha-diversity correlated with increased tumor burden in PCa patients and murine models. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from patients with high PCa volume stimulated mouse PCa growth. Analysis identified three enzymes involved in LCFA metabolism. Omega-3 LCFA supplementation reduced PCa growth in mice and cancer upgrading in patients, correlating with reduced gut Rumino-coccaceae and fecal butyrate levels. This suggests omega-3's beneficial effect is partly mediated by modulating the gut microbiome-metabolite crosstalk in PCa.

Gabriel Lachance, Karine Robitaille, Jalal Laaraj, Nikunj Gevariya, Thibault V. Varin, Andrei Feldiorean, Fanny Gaignier, Isabelle Bourdeau Julien, Hui Wen Xu, Tarek Hallal, Jean-François Pelletier, Sidki Bouslama, Nadia Boufaied, Nicolas Derome, Alain Bergeron, Leigh Ellis, Ciriaco A. Piccirillo, Frédéric Raymond, Yves Fradet, David P. Labbé, André Marette, Vincent Fradet