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Semi-synthetic terpenoids with differential adjuvant properties as sustainable replacements for shark squalene in vaccine emulsions

Medicine and Health

Semi-synthetic terpenoids with differential adjuvant properties as sustainable replacements for shark squalene in vaccine emulsions

K. J. Fisher, R. Kinsey, et al.

This groundbreaking research by Karl J. Fisher and colleagues tackles the pressing issue of overfishing threatening deep-sea shark populations. By chemically synthesizing over 20 squalene analogues, they identified promising vaccine adjuvants that may replace shark-derived squalene, combining synthetic biology, chemistry, and immunology to pave the way for sustainable alternatives.

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Playback language: English
Abstract
Overfishing is depleting deep-sea shark populations, threatening the supply of squalene, a shark liver oil-derived triterpenoid used as a vaccine adjuvant. This study chemically synthesized over 20 squalene analogues from fermentation-derived β-farnesene and assessed their adjuvant activity in comparison to shark squalene. Using a desirability function incorporating multiple immune readouts, analogues with enhanced, equivalent, or reduced adjuvant activity were identified, revealing structure-function relationships. This combines synthetic biology, chemistry, and immunology to create sustainable terpenoid-based vaccine adjuvants comparable to current shark squalene-based adjuvants.
Publisher
npj Vaccines
Published On
Feb 16, 2023
Authors
Karl J. Fisher, Robert Kinsey, Raodoh Mohamath, Tony Phan, Hong Liang, Mark T. Orr, William R. Lykins, Jeffrey A. Guderian, Julie Bakken, David Argilla, Gabi Ramer-Denisoff, Elise Larson, Yizhi Qi, Sandra Sivananthan, Karina Smolyar, Darrick Carter, Christopher J. Paddon, Christopher B. Fox
Tags
overfishing
squalene
vaccine adjuvants
synthetic biology
terpenoid
deep-sea sharks
structure-function relationships

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