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Role of volatiles in highly explosive basaltic eruptions

Earth Sciences

Role of volatiles in highly explosive basaltic eruptions

G. L. Spina, F. Arzilli, et al.

Discover how water and carbon dioxide influence volcanic eruptions! This research by Giuseppe La Spina and colleagues reveals that while CO2 content has minimal effect on eruption rates, increasing water content can dramatically enhance magma ascent. Additionally, external CO2 injection surprises with significant pressurization effects. Join us in exploring these captivating findings!

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~3 min • Beginner • English
Abstract
Water and carbon dioxide are the most abundant volatile components in terrestrial magmas. As they exsolve into magmatic vapour, they promote magma buoyancy, accelerating ascent and modulating eruptive dynamics. It is commonly thought that an increase in pre-eruptive volatile content produces an increase in eruption intensity. Using a conduit model for basaltic eruptions, covering the upper 6 km of conduit, we show that for the same chamber conditions mass eruption rate is not affected by CO2 content, whereas an increase in H2O up to 10 wt.% produces an increase in eruption rate of an order of magnitude. It is only when CO2 is injected in the magma reservoir from an external source that the resulting pressurisation will generate a strong increase in eruption rate. Results also show that ascent velocity and fragmentation depth are strongly affected by pre-eruptive volatile contents demonstrating a link between volatile content and eruptive style.
Publisher
Communications Earth & Environment
Published On
Jul 06, 2022
Authors
Giuseppe La Spina, Fabio Arzilli, Mike R. Burton, Margherita Polacci, Amanda B. Clarke
Tags
water
carbon dioxide
magma ascent
eruption rate
volatiles
basaltic eruptions
pressurization
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