Medicine and Health

Rapid-progressing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in two patients newly diagnosed with HIV: case series and review of literature

B. Badura, S. Barczak, et al.

This case series highlights the alarming trajectories of two HIV-positive patients newly diagnosed with AIDS, showcasing the rapid onset of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Despite treatment efforts, these cases underscore the urgent need for widespread HIV testing. This research was conducted by Barbara Badura, Szymon Barczak, Tomasz Mikuła, and Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało.

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Abstract

This case series reports two cases of rapidly progressing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV-positive patients newly diagnosed with AIDS. Both patients presented with mild neurological symptoms (dizziness, vision disturbances, muscle weakness) and extremely low CD4 counts. PML was confirmed by PCR for JCPyV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Despite antiretroviral therapy (ARV) and intravenous steroids, both patients experienced rapid disease progression, respiratory failure, and death within three months. The authors emphasize the need for increased HIV testing, even in asymptomatic individuals, given the potentially fatal consequences of both AIDS and PML.

Publisher

Journal of NeuroVirology

Published On

Mar 15, 2023

Authors

Barbara Badura, Szymon Barczak, Tomasz Mikuła, Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało

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