International maritime shipping, powered by heavy fuel oil (HFO), significantly contributes to global emissions. This study examines the economic feasibility and environmental impact of battery-electric containerships, considering recent battery cost declines and energy density improvements. The authors find that at battery prices of US$100 kWh⁻¹, electrifying intraregional routes under 1,500 km is economical. Including environmental costs extends this range to 5,000 km, and a US$50 kWh⁻¹ price point nearly doubles it. A pathway is proposed for widespread battery electrification of containerships, potentially electrifying over 40% of global traffic, reducing CO₂ emissions by 14% for US-based vessels, and mitigating coastal air pollution.

Jessica Kersey, Natalie D. Popovich, Amol A. Phadke