This study investigates the adsorption mechanism and dynamic behaviors of phenol molecules onto covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using molecular dynamics and well-tempered metadynamics simulations. Lenard-Jones interactions are dominant, with NH and OH groups enhancing adsorption via electrostatic interactions. Increased electric field strength weakens adsorption affinity. Free energy values at global minima were approximately -264.68, -248.33, and -290.13 kJ mol⁻¹ for electric fields of 1, 0.5, and 0 V nm⁻¹, respectively. Results confirm COFs' potential as effective phenol adsorbents for wastewater treatment.