Polymerizable rotaxane hydrogels for three-dimensional printing fabrication of wearable sensors

This paper introduces conductive polymerizable rotaxane hydrogels (PR-Gel) created by self-assembling acrylated β-cyclodextrin with bile acid into a polymerizable pseudorotaxane, then photopolymerizing it with acrylamide. The resulting topological networks exhibit excellent stretchability and superior fatigue resistance. PR-Gel-based strain sensors effectively detect various body motions. 3D-printed PR-Gel sensors demonstrate high resolution and can detect electrocardiogram signals. The material also self-heals and adheres well to skin, showing promise for wearable sensor applications.

Xueru Xiong, Yunhua Chen, Zhenxing Wang, Huan Liu, Mengqi Le, Caihong Lin, Gang Wu, Lin Wang, Xuetao Shi, Yong-Guang Jia, Yanli Zhao